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...STORY of THE ORGANIZATION 



OF THE 



Auxiliary of luitcii i'^attisl) Har IrtrrattB 

ililitaru (l^riirr uf tlic ^rrpnit 
(Elirounloriiral f^iaturti nf iiar Bitl) ^pain 




/In Extract from the 
'HISTORY OF THE SPANISH WAR' 

and the organization of 
"SPANISH WAR VETERANS" 

Compiled fcp 

W. D. Tucker, National Historian 

United Spanish War Veterans 

Canton, Ohio 

1921 



Price 25 Cents. Special Prices in Quantities. 

L^ 'p ^( 



^ 



^71^ 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ' , ^ 

In compiling a history of the organization of the 
United Spanish War Veterans, it would be impos- 
sible for anv one man to do it without the assistance 
of those of the organization who are familiar with its 
history^, and I gratefully acl^nowledge the assistance of 
the following comrades who have so kindh aided in 
the preparation of this history of the organization of 
The United Spanish War Veterans: 

Comrade William E. English, Past Commander-in- 
Chief. 

Comrade Charles R. Miller, Past Commander-in- 
Chief (Deceased). 

Comrade Henry H. Saunders, Past Senior Vice Com- 
mander-in-Chief. 

Comrade George M. Moulton, Past Commander-in 
Chief. 

Comrade Willis W. Stover, Past Commander-in- 
Chief. 

There may be mistal(es in this history, but I be- 
lieve that in the main it is authentic. 

This history of the organization is from the worl( 
that has been prepared by me as National Historian, 
entitled ''History of the Spanish War" and the 
''Spanish War Veterans," which will be a boo]( of 
about 200 pages and is ready for publication as soon 
as the National Organization desires it. It has been 
approved by three Commanders-in-Chief. 
Fraternally, 
Q,' A ( W. D. TUCKER, 

lyationat Historian. 



I|t0ttiri| of tit? 

United #}jaitt0li War B^tn^aiiBi 

THE DESIRE AMONG THOSE WHO 
served in the war with Spain to form associations 
to perpetuate the memories of the service Hfe, 
and comradeship then created, manifested itself shortly 
after the volunteer forces were mustered out in 1 898, 
in fact many claims are made that tentative plans were 
made by many before being mustered out to form vet- 
eran organizations. The efforts made were largely 
in the direction of forming associations national in 
scope and character, altho in Massachusetts a splendid 
society (Legion of Spanish War Veterans) was or- 
ganized during the year I 899, all of the subdivisions 
of which were located within the borders of that state. 
In the movement to create a National Organization, 
there were difFerent leaders in various localities, and 
widely divergent opinions as to name, declaration of 
principles, forms and ceremonies and other matters, all 
of which resulted in the organization of three distinct 
National Societies which were termed "Spanish War 
Veterans," "Spanish-American War Veterans" and 
"Service Men of the Spanish War." 

These societies were all finally patterned in essen- 
tials after the "Grand Army of the Republic," and 
served a high purpose in bringing before the eligibles 
in different parts of the country the importance of the 
war in which they had been engaged, and of organi- 



zation for the purpose hereinbefore indicated, and the 
inculcation of patriotic principles. Too much credit 
cannot be given to the pioneers in th;s movement, who, 
amid many discouragements, persevered in the work 
and enrolled in the various societies a large num.ber of 
those who served in the war with Spain and, in due 
time, many who had seen service in the Philippines 
and in China, thus laying a solid foundation upon 
which was built up the National Organization as it 
now exists. 

But the men affiliated in these societies, all of 
whom had served under one National Flag, did not 
take long to decide that the commemoration of that 
service should be made and continued under the ban- 
ner of one National Organization. In accordance 
with this sentiment and thru the untiring efforts, wise 
counsels and comradely concessions of the members 
of the joint committee, and particularly of Comrades 
Harold C. Megrew, William E. English and George 
M. Moulton, Commanders-in-Chief respectively of the 
"Spanish War Veterans," "Spanish-American War 
Veterans" and "Service Men of the Spanish War," 
these three societies were united, on April I 8, 1 904, 
under one name and one government. 

The name chosen for the amalgamated organiza- 
tion was "The United Spanish War Veterans," and 
this name, altho, in the opinion of many, less to be 
preferred than the name of any one of the original 
societies, has been continued and will doubtless endure 
to the end. 

In 1907 the organization welcomed into the ranks 
the Massachusetts "Legion of Spanish War Veter- 



ans." The "Legion, " as it was familiarly called, was 
organized en the same lines as its contemporaneous 
national associations, and its subordinate subdivisions 
which were termed "Camps," were recruited mainly 
from volunteers who had formed the quota of the 
Comm.onwealth in the war with Spain. The "Legion" 
became the Department of Massachusetts, U. S. W. 
v., and is second only to the Department of New 
York in total membersh'p. 

In 1908 the "Veteran Army of the Philippines," 
a society composed of men who were serving or had 
seen active service in the islands and formed on the 
same lines as the "Legion," sought and gained admis- 
sion in the National Organization as a Department of 
eight camps. From the beginning the officials of the 
National Headquarters (wherever located) have used 
their best endeavors to promote the interests of our 
comrades in the Philippines and, from the beginning, 
the Department has performed its duty to the organ- 
ization. 

% Two societies, the m.embers of which served in 
the same war, and which are professedly national in 
scope and character, still remain outside our portals. 
These societies are called the "Army of the Philip- 
pines" and the "American Veterans of Foreign Ser- 
vice." Many of their members are affiliated with us, 
and it is hoped that they will be merged into our Na- 
tional Organization, retaining, if they see fit, their 
identity as wheels within a great wheel, as is the case 
with societies which have been formed to commemo- 
rate the campaigns in Cuba and the China Relief Ex- 
pedition. 



The Commanders-in-Chief of the United Spanish 
War Veterans have been as follows: 

Harold C. Megrew, Indiana, Apr. 18 to Aug. 31, 
1904. 

Wm. E. English, Indiana, September 1 , 1 904, to 

Dec. 31, 1905.- 
Chas. R. Miller, Ohio, Jan. 1, 1905, to Dec. 31, 

1906. 
Hamilton Ward, New York, Jan. 1, 1907, to Sept. 

11, 1907. 
Walter S. Hale, California, 1907-1908. 
Chas. W. Newton, Connecticut, 1908-1909. 
Edward J. Gihon, Massachusetts, 1909-1910. 
Joseph R. H. Jacoby, Washington, 1910-1911. 
Maurice Simmons, New York, 1911-1912. 
Oscar Taylor, Pennsylvania, 1912-1913. 
John Lewis Smith, D. C, 1 91 3-1 91 4. 
Charles W. Cramer, Ohio, 1914-1915. 
L. C. Dyer, Mo., 1915-1916. 
D. V. Chisholm, D. C, 1916-1917. 
Henry W. Busch, Michigan, 1917-1918. 
Carl Van Dyke, Minnesota, 1918, died in office. 
William Jones, New York, advanced from Senior 

Vice to Commander-in-Chief by death of Carl 

Van Dyke. 

William Jones, New York, 1919-1920. 

J. K. Witherspoon, Washington, 1 920, incumbent. 

Commander-in-Chief Harold C. Megrew assumed 
and held office in pursuance of the Amalgamation 
Agreement. Commander-in-Chief William E. Eng- 
lish held office until December 31, 1 904, in pursu- 
ance of the same agreement, and was elected to sue- 



ceed himself and to serve for the year 1905, at the 
First National Encampment U. S. W. V., held at 
St. Louis, Mo., in September, 1904. The succeed- 
ing National Encampments have been as follows: 

1905, Milwaukee, Wis. 

1906, Washington, D. C. 

1907, Cedar Point, Ohio. 

1908, Boston, Mass. 

1909, Tacoma, Wash. 

1910, Denver, Colo. 

1911, Oklahom.a City, Okla. 

1912, Atlantic City, N. J. 

1913, Buffalo, N. Y. 

1914, Louisville, Ky. 

1915, Scranton, Pa. 

1916, Chicago, 111. 

1917, Cleveland, Ohio 

1918, Baltimore, Md. 

1919, San Francisco, Calif. 

1920, St. Louis, Mo. 

1 92 1 , to be held in St. Paul and Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

One great source of strength of the organization 
is that it is absolutely democratic in character. Each 
member is on the same basis as every other member, 
except as he may become distinguished by faithful 
performance of the duties allotted to him, or the duties 
as a Comrade, which he may quietly assume. 

Few men of high rank in the Army, Navy or Ma- 
rine Corps have contributed largely to the upbuilding of 
the organization. The work has been done largely 



by members who were officers of medium rank, and 
by those who were enhsted men. Many of our Com- 
manders-in-Chief were enlisted men. 

Congress has recognized the organizations as dis- 
tinctly representative as veterans of the nation and 
because of endeavors of its members thru its legisla- 
tive committee has conferred valuable benefits upon 
them, and it behooves every man who served in the 
war with Spain, Philippine Insurrection and Chma 
Relief Expedition to join our ranks and be an actual 
supporter of the organization that has made it possible 
that those of our number who are in any way disabled 
to receive just compensation, also for the benefits for 
the widows and orphans, and not the least for the 
Comradeship it enhances. Every man will be the bet- 
ter man, better citizen, and will be 1 00 per cent. 
American, who becomes a member of the ONLY 
ORGANIZATION WHICH IS COMPOSED 
OF VOLUNTEERS. 

W. D. TUCKER, 
National Historian, U. S. W . V. 




Wnt IftfrauB 

THE LADIES' AUXILIARY OF THE 
United Spanish War Veterans was organized 
before the Spanish War Veterans. A group of 
patriotic women in Cleveland organized at the time of 
the Spanish War to aid the boys in camp and meet 
the trains and minister to the sick on the return home 
The organization was chartered by the National 
Orgamzation m 1904 and held its first National En- 
campment in St. Louis. ^ 1 " T 

The first President General was Mother Isa- 
belle Alexander of Cleveland, Ohio, and it is through 
her efforts that the organization was chartered by the 
Spanish War Veterans. 

The organization is on the same lines as the 
United Spanish War Veterans, having National and 
Department and Local Auxiliaries. Those eligible 
are Mothers, Wives, Daughters and Sisters of Spanish 
War Veterans, and Nurses and Women who actually 
did patriotic service during the Spanish War. 

They are a great help to Camps; Camps having 
Auxiliaries are the most active in the order. In legis- 
lative work they have become a power since women 
have the vote, and the Comrades can thank the Aux- 
iliary for bringing across recent legislation. 

Their function is to care for the sick and distressed 
families of the Spanish War Veterans, assist in Patri- 
otic services, see that respect to the flag and urn form 
is taught in the schools and assist Camps in social 



affairs. 



W. D. TUCKER, 

National Historian. 



I^istory of tlic Orgmuzattott 

of tljr 

AitKtUary nf Initcb ^^tamsl] liar Urtrraus 

3from ^ala funtislipft bij 
Jeabrllc Alrxauiirr, ^aat PrtBtbcnt (Srufral 

OCTOBER 22, 1898, "THE WHITE 
Escort" of Cleveland, Ohio, obtained a State 
Charter under the laws of Ohio. In 1 900, by 
request of Cramer Camp Spanish War Veterans, 
Cleveland, Ohio, "The White Escort" became an 
Auxiliary to Cramer Camp. Major C. F. Cramer, 
after being elected Departm.ent Commander of Ohio 
in 1900, asked the Auxiliary at Cleveland to organ- 
ize throughout Ohio, Auxiliaries to all camps of the 
Spanish War Veterans, and to that end a charter was 
applied for and granted under the laws of Ohio, of 
which Isabelle Alexander was sponsor and was so 
notified by the Department of Ohio, S. W. V., Sep- 
tember, 1900. This Ohio charter was retained until 
June I, 1904. 

During the year 1901 there was organized a 
number of Auxiliaries in Ohio, and there sprang up 
another order in Washington, D. C. Mr, L. C. 
Dyer, then Adjutant General of the National Spanish 
War Veterans, asked Mrs. John A. Logan the use 
of her name to help in the formation of the same. 
This she granted him. In this year the Service Men 
of the Spanish War took an Auxiliary, Mrs. Mary 



A. Cooper, President. Also the Spanish American 
War Veterans formed an Auxihary, Mrs. Richard 
H. Savage being President. 

During the year 1 902 the Spanish War Veterans 
desired that all Veterans of the War with Spain and 
all Auxiliaries join hands and form one large organi- 
zation, and the first meeting was called at Detroit, 
Michigan, September 22, 1902. Mrs. Flora A. 
Lewis was at this time elected President of this joint 
meeting. All auxiliaries were to retain their special 
charters until the Amalgamation took place. During 
1 903 the union of the Ohio Auxiliary to the Spanish 
War Veterans and the Auxiliary of the Spanish- 
American War Veterans took place at Youngstown, 
Ohio, Mrs. Madie M. Freed being President. At 
New Haven, Connecticut, was held the second joint 
meeting in 1903. Mrs. Isabelle Alexander was 
elected President and ordered to form, during the 
year, a National Auxiliary to the new Amalgamated 
United Spanish War Veterans. New rules and reg- 
ulations and ritual were written and a formal applica- 
tion for National Charter was submitted to Gen. Har- 
old C. McGrew, Commander-in-Chief of the United 
Spanish War Veterans. This charter was granted to 
The National Auxiliary by the amalgamated body at 
Indianapolis, Indiana, to Isabelle Alexander, May 1 , 
I 904, and was issued June 1 , 1 904, and was ratified 
at St. Louis, Missouri, by the National Convention, 
U. S. W. v., September 19, 1904. Col. WiHiam 
E. English, Commander-in-Chief. 

Isabelle Alexander was re-elected President Gen- 
eral. Mary E. Gedney was elected President Gen- 



eral at Milwaukee, 1 906, and re-elected at Wash- 
ington, D. C, 1907. 

In 1907 "The Legion of Spanish War Veterans" 
of Massachusetts and Auxiliary of same was admitted 
to the United Spanish War Veterans, and Elizabeth 
McNamara was elected President General at Cedar 
Point, Ohio, and re-elected 1909. 

President Generals since have been: 
Ida M. Galloway, 1910-1911. 
Katherine Fellows, 1912-1913. 
Jessie B. Perry, 1914. 
Mary B. Hamilton, 1915. 
Anna K. Juneau, 1916. 
Elizabeth Hartung, 1917. 
Violet B. King, 1918. 
Minnie Lenhardt, 1919. 
Louise William.s, 1 920. 

W. D. TUCKER, 

National Historian. 



10 



(llltr HtUtarg (3vhtv uf tbr ^rrpnit 

THE MILITARY ORDER OF THE SER- 
pent is the outgrowth of the fertile minds of 
Waher Scott MacAaron, Col. Fred S. Fanning, 
Col. John S. Parker and others, and takes its basis 
from the ancient rites observed by the several tribes of 
Filipinos and the ordeals passed thru by the Gilmore 
party when captured by the natives. 

The organization is chartered by the State of Ohio 
and has been extended to nearly every department of 
the U. S. W. v., each state having its Grand Lair, 
and camps local lairs. 

The Grand Lair of Ohio for a number of years 
held the honors of having the most active lairs and 
largest membership, but thru lack of interest, and 
luke warmness, lost that honor for a time, but now, 
thru the efforts of Past Grand Gu Gu Henry and the 
present Grand Gu Gu Buckland, the Grand Lair of 
Ohio has regained its prestige and ranks with others. 

The "Snaix," as it is familiarly called, provides 
an outlet for the suppressed "pep" of the members of 
the U. S. W. V. and is composed of two degrees, the 
first the Khattee Puna, and the second the Bayana. 
Camps which have local lairs are the most active 
camps in the organization, and a man, to be a good, 
active comrade in the U. S. W. V., must be a good 
"Snaix" and vice versa. 



The great time for the Order of the Serpent is 
the Annual Crawl at Department and National 
Encampments, when Comrades are inducted and 
instructed in the sacred rites of Khattee Puna and 
allowed to partake of the sacred Virus, and can only 
be taken by those who are loyal comrades in good 
standing in their camp. 

W. D. TUCKER, 

Past Grand Cu Cu. 



12 



(Elirmtologtral ?|tst0nt of Hiar Wxti} ^pixm 

(!I^Im;tilr^ by 

W. i. (Uurkrr. National i^istomn 

frniu 
"Urigljt'a ©flSrial lifistarii of g-pantHlj-Amprirait Wat" 

1895 

February 24. — Insurgents rose against Spanish tyr- 
anny in Santiago, Santa Clara and Matanzas 
provinces. 

March 4. — Governor-General proclaimed martial law 
in Santiago and Matanzas. Julio Sanguily, J. 
Augirre and other suspected Cuban sympathizers 
arrested and incarcerated in Cabanas prison at 
Havana. 

March 8. — American mail steamship "Allianca" 
fired upon by Spanish gunboat. 

March 10. — First battle of the war at Los Negros, 
between 1,000 Spanish under General Garrich 
and 700 Cubans under Colonel Goulet. Span- 
iards defeated. Spanish reinforcements arrive 
from Porto Martinez. Campos appointed Cap- 
tain-General to succeed Colleja, and sent to Cuba 
with 20,000 troops. Martial law proclaimed 
over whole island. 

March 24. — Pitched battle at Jaraguanna between 
1,000 Spanish troops under Colonel Araoz, and 
900 Cubans under Amador Guerra. 

March 31. — Antonio Maceo, with Flor Cromber, 
Dr. Frank Agramonte, Jose Maceo and other offi- 
cers, landed at Baracoa with expedition from 



13 



Costa Rica in the British schooner "Honor." 
Schooner wrecked and captain killed by Span- 
iards. Later attacked Maceo at Duaba, but were 
repulsed. Agramonte captured. Provisional gov- 
ernment proclaimed by Maceo; Dr. Thomas Es- 
trada Palma, president; Jose Marti, secretary- 
general; General Maximo Gomez, military direc- 
tor and commander-in-chief. 

April 13. — General Maximo Gomez, Jose Marti and 
eighty companions arrived from Hayti and landed 
on the coast southwest of Cape Maysi. 

April 16. — Captain-General Campos landed with re- 
inforcements at Guantanamo and issued proclama- 
tion pledging reforms. Spanish Cortes authorized 
government to raise 600,000,000 pesetas ($120,- 
000,000) for war, and decided to send 40,000 
reinforcements. 

April 16-18. — Battles at and near Sabana de Jaibo. 
Cuban cavalry under Gomez defeated Colonel 
Bosch. 

April 21. — Battle of Ramon de las Jaguas; 100 
Spaniards killed. 

April 29. — Jose Maceo ambuscaded 700 Spaniards 
at Arroyo Hondo; 150 Spaniards killed and 
heavy Cuban losses. 

May 6-14. — Raids and fights at Joito and Cristo by 
Maceo; Spanish Lieutenant-Colonel Bosch killed. 

May 18. — Insurgent Convention elected Bartolome 
Masso president, Maximo Gomez general-in-chief, 
and Antonio Maceo commander-in-chief of the 
Oriental division. 

May 19. — Jose Marti and party of 50 annihilated 
by Colonel Sandoval and 800 troops in a nar- 
row pass ; Gomez with reinforcements attempted 
to rescue Mavti's body, and was wounded; Cuban 
losses, 50 killed and I 00 wounded. Dr. Thomas 



14 



Estrada Palma elected to succeed Marti as dele- 
gate to the United States. 

Mai) 20. — Colonel Lacret and Colonel Torres landed 
with filibustering expedition of 220 men from 
Jamaica. 

June 2. — Gomez crossed trocha and entered province 
of Puerto Pr:ncipe. 

June 5. — General Carlos Roloff's filibustering expe- 
dition, with 353 men, 1 ,000 rifles and 500 pounds 
of dynamite, landed by tugboat "George W. 
Childs" near Sagua Lachico, in Santa Clara. 

June 12. — President Cleveland issued proclamation 
warning citizens against joining or aiding filibus- 
tering expeditions. 

June 18. — Province of Puerto Principe declared in 
a state of siege. 

June 27. — Captain-General Campos asked Cabinet 
for 1 4,000 fresh troops. 

Jul^ I. — Campos established Moron-Jucara trocha 
to keep Gomez out of Santa Clara Province. 

Julii 13. — Captain-General Campos, at head of 
1,500 troops, attacked but defeated by Cubans 
under Maceo near Valenzuela, and compelled to 
retreat to Bayamo; Spanish General Santocildes 
and 1 19 men killed; Cuban loss 100 men. 

/u/p 15. — Provisional Government formally consti- 
tuted and a declaration of independence pro- 
clamied. 

August 7. — Cuban Convention at Puerto Principe 
elected the following officers: Provisional Presi- 
dent of the Republic of Cuba, General Bartolome 
Masso ; Minister of the Interior, Marquis of Santa 
Lucia ; Vice-President and Mmister of War, 
General Maximo Gomez; Secretary of Foreign 



15 



Affairs, Gonzalo de Quesada; General-in-Chief, 
Gen. Antonio Maceo. 

August 31. — Spaniards defeated by 1 ,200 men under 
Jose Maceo, near Ramon de le Jaguas. 

September 23. — Constitution of Cuban Republic pro- 
claimed by Congress of Delegates at Anton de 
Puerto Principe and the following elected perma- 
nent officers of the government: President, Sal- 
vador Cisneros ; Vice-President, Bartolome 
Masso; Secretary of War, Carlos Roloff; Com- 
mander-in-Chief, Mazimo Defeate; Lieutenant- 
General, Antonio Maceo. 

October 2. — Maceo defeated superior force of 2,000 
Spaniards at Mount Mogote. 

October 9.— Cuban loan of 15,000,000 pesos ($3,- 
000,000) placed in Paris. 

October JO. — Barracoa captured by Cubans. 

October 27. — General Carlos M. de Cespedes landed 
near Barracoa with filibustering expedition of 62 
men, 100 rifles and 10,000 pounds of ammuni- 
tion, fitted out in Canada. "Laurada" seized at 
Charleston, S. C, as a filibuster. 

November 18-19. — Spanish forces under General 
Valdes, Luque and Aldave defeated at Taguasco; 
Spanish loss 500. 

December 26. — Gomez invaded the loyal Province 
of Havana. 

1896 

January) 5. — Gomez broke through Spanish intrench- 
ments and raided Pinar del Rio. 

January 12. — Maceo raided Pinar del Rio Province. 

January 17. — Captain-General Campos recalled to 
Madrid and General Valenna Weyler appointed 
to succeed him. 



(6 



January 26. — Filibuster "J. W. Hawkins," carrying 
General Calixto Garcia and 1 20 men, sunk off 
Long Island and ten men drowned. 

January 30. — Maceo recrosses Habana-Batabano 
trocha; Spaniards severely defeated by Diaz near 
Artemisia. 

February JO. — General Weyler at Havana on the 
cruiser "Alfonso XIII," and was enthusiastically 
greeted. 

February 17. — Weyler issued three proclamations es- 
tablishing rigid martial law. 

February 18. — Maceo attacked and captured Jaruco; 
the next day he joined Gomez and together they 
marched eastward. 

February 22. — Eighteen non-combatants killed by 
Spanish troops in Punta Brava and Guatao, and 
two American correspondents who investigated 
outrage arrested. 

February 24. — Filibuster "Bermuda" seized by 
United States marshals ; General Garcia and 
others arrested, tried and acquitted. 

February 28. — Senate adopted belligerency resolu- 
tions and requested President to use "friendly 
offices" to secuie Cuban independence. 

March 5. — Weyler issued proclamation offering am- 
nesty to Cubans who surrendered with arms in 
hand. 

March 8. — Eighteen thousand Spanish reinforcements 
landed at Havana. 

March 12. — "Commodore" landed a filibustering ex- 
pedition from Charleston. 

March 13. — Maceo captured the town of Batabano. 

March 15. — Maceo re-entered the Pinar del Rio 
Province and attacked the town of Pinar del Rio. 



17 



March 22. — Gomez captured the town of Santa 
Clara and secured a large amount of military 
stores. 

March 25. — "Bermuda" landed General Garcia with 
125 men and arms m Cuba. "Three Fnends" 
and "Mallory" landed big expedition under Gen- 
eral Collazo on the coast of Matanzas Province. 

April 6. — House of Representatives concurred in 
Senate's Cuban resolution. 

April 25. — American filibustering schooner "Com- 
petitor" captured off coast of Pinar del Rio. 
Alfredo Laborde and three Americans made pris- 
oners. 

April 27. — "Bermuda" fired upon by Spanish gun- 
boat while trying to land expedition under Colonel 
Vidal and Torres and forced to abandon the at- 
tempt. 

May 14. — Gomez captured a whole Spanish bat- 
talion under Colonel Segura. 

A/a\j 16. — "Laurada" landed General J. W. Ruiz 
and expedition in Cuba. 

May 29. — "Three Fnends" landed large cargo of 
ammunition in Santa Clara. 

June 3. — Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee arrived at 
Havana as the sucessor of Ramon O. Williams, 
resigned. 

June 18. — Expedition under Zarrago, Castillo and 
Cabrera landed by "Three Friends" and "Lau- 
rada." 

July 5. — Jose Maceo killed in an engagement at 
Loma del Gato. 

July 15. — General Inclan badly defeated by Maceo 
at Caracarajicara; 200 killed and nearly 300 
wounded. 



18 



Julv 30. — President Cleveland issued another procla- 
mation against filibustering. 

August 15. — General Rabi defeated Spaniards near 
Bayamo, killing 200. 

December 7. — General Antonio Maceo and Fran- 
cisco Gomez, son of the rebel commander-in-chief, 
were killed in an engagement with a Spanish de- 
tachment under Major Cirujeda, just after Maceo 
had succeeded in passing around the end of the 
Mariel trocha. Dr. Zertucha, the only member 
of the staff who escaped, was accused of treach- 
ery. He surrendered to the Spanish. 

December 15. — "Three Friends" tried to land a large 
expedition at the mouth of the San Juan river, on 
the south coast of Cuba, but was fired on by a 
Spanish gunboat and compelled to put to sea again 
with her party, setting them down on a desert 
Florida key, where they were rescued by "Daunt- 
less." 

December 20. — General Ruiz Rivera succeeded Ma- 
ceo as commander-in-chief of the Cuban army of 
the West. 

December 28. — Julio Sanguily was tried and sen- 
tenced to imprisonment for life on a charge of 
conspiring against the Spanish government. 

December 31. — Filibuster "Commodore" sailed from 
Jacksonville with a small expedition for Cuba and 
sank 1 6 miles off the Florida coast. Most of 
the men were saved. 

1897 

January 13. — Spaniards under General Segura at- 
tacked General Calixta Garcia at Gabuquito and 
were repulsed with a loss of 300 men killed and 
400 wounded. 



19 



February 4. — Queen Regent of Spain signed a decree 
instituting reforms in Cuba. 

February 21. — Secretary of State Olney directed 
Minister Taylor, at Madrid, to demand a full 
inquiry into the case of Dr. Ricardo Ruiz, who 
was murdered in prison, in Guanabacoa, by the 
Spaniards. 

March 4. — General Weyler returned to Havana. 

March 21. — Insurgents captured Holguin. 

March 28. — General Ruiz Rivera, who succeeded 
Antonio Maceo, was captured with 100 men at 
Cabezedas by General Hermandez Velasco. 

March 30. — "Laurada" landed at Banes, on the 
north coast of Santiago, three dynamite guns, one 
Hotchkiss gun and a large quantity of ammuni- 
tion. 

April 17. — Weyler declared that the province of 
Santa Clara and part of Puerto Pnncipe were 
pacified. 

M(3\j 12. — Generals Calixto Garcia and Rabi de- 
feated Spanish troops under General Lonos and 
compelled them to retreat on shipboard at Cabo- 
coruz. 

Ma'^ 17. — President McKinley sent a message to 
Congress suggestmg an appropriation of $50,000 
to relieve the distress of American citizens in 
Cuba. It was passed by Congress and signed 
May 24. 

June 21. — General Weyler sailed from Havana for 
Santa Clara Province, preceded by 36 battalions 
of infantry and strong forces of artillery and cav- 
alry. 

June 27 . — General Weyler reached the city of San- 
tiago. 



20 



November 10. — Marshal Blanco sent a cable to 
Senor de Lome, Spanish Minister at Washington, 
announcing that extensive zones of cultivation had 
been marked out, rations issued to the reconcen- 
trados, and promised that thereafter they would 
be fed and treated well. 

November 14. — General Blanco sent envoys to in- 
surgent generals to induce them to lay down their 
arms. 

November 18. — Crew of the American schooner 
"Competitor" captured in I 896 and all sentenced 
to death were released. 

November 25. — Dr. Frank Agramonte, Thomas J. 
Sainz and other Americans imprisoned in Havana 
were released by Marshal Blanco. 

November 26. — Queen Regent of Spain signed royal 
decrees granting political and commercial auton- 
omy to Cuba. 

December 2. — Bishop of Havana appealed for food 
for starving reconcentrados. 

December 9. — Antonio Rodriguez Rivera, an envoy 
sent by Blanco to bribe the insurgents, was hanged 
by the insurgent leader Emilio Collazo. 

December 10. — Insurgents captured the seaport town 
of Caimanera. 

December 28. — President McKinley issued an appeal 
to the country to aid starving Cubans. 



1898 

January 8. — A second appeal issued by President 
McKinley for contributions to aid suffering Cu- 
bans announced the co-operation of the American 
Red Cross Society. 



21- 



January) 12. — Rioters instigated by volunteers in Ha- 
vana made a demonstration against newspaper 
offices. 

Januarv 17. — General Lee, in communications to the 
State Department, suggested that a ship be sent 
to protect Americans in the event of another riot. 

Januar'^ 21. — General Castellanos, with 2,600 
troops, raided Esperanza, the seat of the insurgent 
government in the Cubites Mountains. Govern- 
ment officials escaped. 

Januarv 24. — Battleship "Maine" ordered to Havana 
for the purpose of resuming the friendly inter- 
course of our naval vessels in Cuban waters. 

January 25. — Battleship "Maine" arrived at Ha- 
vana and moored at the government anchorage. 
Filibuster steamer "Tillie" foundered in Long 
Island Sound; four men drowned. 

January 27. — Brigadier-General Aranguren was sur- 
prised and killed in his camp near Tapaste, Ha- 
vana Province, by Lieutenant-Colonel Benedicto, 
with the Spanish Reina Battalion. He had 
recently put to death Lieutenant-Colonel Ruiz, 
who had brought him an offer of money from 
Blanco to accept autonomy. 

February 9. — Copy of a letter written by Dupuy de 
Lome attacking President McKinley, printed. 
Senor Dupuy de Lome admitted writing the letter, 
and his recall was demanded by the State Depart- 
ment. 

February 15. — Battleship "Maine" blown up in Ha- 
vana harbor; 264 men and two officers killed. 
Spanish Minister de Lome sailed for Spain. 

February 16. — General Lee asked for a court inquiry 
on the "Maine" disaster. 



22 



February 17. — Captains W. T. Sampson and F. E. 
Chadwick, and Lieutenant-Commanders W. P. 
Potter and Adolph Marix, detailed as Naval 
Board of Inquiry. 

February; 18. — Spanish warship "Vizcaya" arrived 
at New York harbor. 

February 21. — Naval court of inquiry arrived at 
Havana and began investigation. 

February 25. — "Vizcaya" sailed from New York 
to Havana. 

March 6. — Spain unofficially asks for Lee's recall. 

March 8. — $50,000,000 war fund voted unani- 
mously by the House of Representatives. 

March 9.— War fund of $50,000,000 passed unani- 
mously by the Senate. 

March 12. — Government purchased Brazilian cruiser 
"Amazonas" and other ships abroad. 

March 14. — Spain's torpedo flotilla sailed for Cape 
Verde Islands. 

March 17. — Senator Redfield Proctor, in a speech 
to the Senate, told of the starvation and ruin he 
had observed in Cuba. 

March 21. — "Maine" Court of Inquiry finished its 
report and delivered it to Admiral Sicard at Key 
West. 

March 22. — "Maine " report sent to Washington. 

March 25. — "Maine" report delivered to the Presi- 
dent and officially announced that the "Maine" 
was blown up by a mine. 

March 26. — President McKinley sent two notes to 
Spain, one on the "Maine" report, and the other 
calling for the cessation of the war in Cuba. 

March 28. — President McKinley sent the "Maine" 
report to Congress, with a brief message stating 



23 



that Spain had been informed of the Court's find- 
ings. Report of the Spanish Court of Inquiry, 
declaring the "Maine" was destroyed by an in- 
terior explosion, was received in Washington. 

March 30. — President McKinley, through Minister 
Woodford, asked Spain for a cessation of hostili- 
ties in Cuba, and negotiations for ultimate inde- 
pendence. 

March 31. — Spain refuses to accede to any of Presi- 
dent McKinley's propositions. 

April I. — House of Representatives appropriated 
$22,648,000 to build war vessels. 

April 6. — Pope cabled President McKinley to sus- 
pend extreme measures pending the Vatican's ne- 
gotiations with Spam. 

April 7. — Ambassadors of England, Germany, 
France, Italy, Austria and Russia appealed to 
the President for peace. 

April 9. — Spain ordered Blanco to proclaim an armis- 
tice in Cuba. General Lee and Americans left 
Havana. 

April J I. — President sent consular reports and mes- 
sages to Congress, asking authority to stop the war 
with Cuba. 

April 16. — United States Army began moving to the 
coast. 

April 19. — Both Houses of Congress adopted reso- 
lutions declaring Cuba free, and empowering the 
President to compel Spain to withdraw her army 
and navy. 

April 20. — President McKinley signed the resolu- 
tions and sent his ultimatum to Spain, and the 
Queen Regent sent a warlike message to the 
Cortes. 



24 



April 21. — Minister Woodford was given his pass- 
port. 

April 22. — The President issue 1 his prcc! :::tion to 
the neutral powers, announcing that Spain and 
the United States were at war. Commodore 
Sampson's fleet sailed from Key West to begin a 
blockade of Havana. Gunboat "Nashville" cap- 
tured the Spanish ship "Buena Ventura." 

April 23. — President issued a call for 125,000 vol- 
unteers. 

April 24. — Spain formally declared that war existed 
with the United States. 

April 25. — Commodore Dewey's fleet ordered to sail 
from Hong Kong for the Philippines. 

April 27. — Matanzas bombarded by the "New 
York," Cincinnati," and "Puritan." 

April 30. — Admiral Cevera left the Cape Verde 
Islands for the West Indies. 

Ma]^ I . — Commodore Dewey defeated Admiral Mon- 
tojo in Manila Bay, destroying eleven ships and 
killmg and wounding more than 500 of the enemy. 
American casualties, seven men slightly wounded. 

Ma\) II. — Commodore Dewey promoted to be a 
Rear-Admiral. Attacks made on Cienfuegus 
and Cardenas, at which Ensign Worth Bagley 
and five of the "Winslow's" crew were killed. 
Admiral Cervera's squadron sighted off Martin- 
ique. 

Map 12. — Commodore Sampson bombarded San 
Juan, Porto Rico, but caused little damage. 

Ma\) 13. — The Flying Squadron, under Commodore 
Schley, left Hampton Roads for Cuban waters. 

Ma'^ 17. — Cervera's fleet, after coahng at Curacoa, 
put into the Harbor of Santiago de Cuba. 



25 



Ma'^ 22. — Cruiser "Charleston" sailed from San 
Francisco for Manila. 

Ma;^ 24. — Battleship "Oregon" arrived off Jupiter 
Inlet, Florida, from her great trip from San Fran- 
cisco, which she left March I 2. 

May 25. — The President issued hs second call for 
volunteers, 75,000 men. First Manila expedition 
left San Francisco. 

Map 27. — Commodore Schley discovered that Cer- 
vera's fleet was in Santiago harbor and blockaded 
h:m. 

May 30. — -Commodore Sampson's fleet joined Com- 
modore Schley's. 

May 31. — Forts commanding the entrance to Santi- 
ago harbor bombarded. 

June 3. — Hobson and seven men sank the "Merri- 
mac" in the channel entrance to Santiago harbor 
and, being captured, were confined to Morro Cas- 
tle. 

]une 6. — Spanish cruiser "Rema Mercedes " sunk m 
the Santiago harbor entrance by the Spaniards 
to prevent ingress of American war vessels. 

June II. — Body of marines landed at Guantanamo 
from the "Marblehead " and "Texas," and had 
a brisk skirmish. 

June 12-14. — General Shafter embarked at Tampa 
for Santiago with an army of I 6,000 men. 

June 15. — Caimanera forts bombarded by our war- 
ships. Admiral Camara with a fleet of ten of 
Spain's best warships left Cadiz for Manila. 

June 20-22. — General Shafter disembarked his army 
of invasion at Baiquiri, with a loss of one man 
killed and two wounded. 



26 



June 21. — Angara, capital of Guam, one of the 
islands of Ladrones, captured by the "Charles- 
ton." 

June 24. — Juragus captured and the Spanish were 
defeated at Las Guasimas. Heavy losses on both 
sides, among the Americans being killed were 
Capron and Fish. 

June 28. — General Merritt left for Manila to assume 
command of the American army operating in the 
Philippines. 

July 1-2. — Terrific fighting in front of Santiago, and 
El Caney and San Juan were carried by assaults 
in which the American loss was great. 

Julxi 3. — Admiral Cervera's squadron of four armored 
cruisers and two torpedo-boat destroyers annihi- 
lated by Commodore Schley's blockading fleet. 
The surrender of Santiago was demanded by Gen- 
eral Shafter. 

July 6. — Hobson and his comrades were exchanged 
for six Spanish officers. 

July 8. — Admiral Camara was ordered to return with 
his fleet to Cadiz to protect Spanish coast threat- 
ened by American warships. 

July 10. — A second bombardment of Santiago, which 
severely battered Morro Castle. 

July II. — General Miles joined the American Army 
before Santiago and conferred with General Shaf- 
ter as to the means for reducing the city. 

July 17. — After the expiration of two periods of truce. 
General Torral surrendered Santiago and the 
eastern province of Cuba to General Shafter. 

July 20. — General Leonard Wood was appointed 
Military Governor of Santiago, and entered upon 
his duties by feeding the hungry, clothing the des- 
titute, and cleaning the city. 



27 



/u/p 21. — The harbor of Nipe was entered by four 
gunboats, which, after an hour's fierce bombard- 
ment, captured the port. 

July 25. — General Miles, with 8,000 men, after a 
voyage of three days, landed at Guanica, Porto 
Rico. He immediately began his march towards 
Ponce, which surrendered on the 28th. 

July 26. — The French Ambassador at Washington, 
Jules Cambon, acting for Spain, asked the Presi- 
dent upon what terms he would treat for peace. 

July 30. — The President communicated his answer 
to M. Cambon. 

July 31. — The Spaniards made a night attack on 
the Americans investigating Manila, but were re- 
pulsed with severe losses. 

August 9. — A large force of Spanish were defeated 
at Coomo, Porto Rico, by General Ernst. The 
Spanish Government formally accepted the terms 
of peace submitted by the President. 

August 12. — The peace protocol was signed, an ar- 
mistice proclaimed and the Cuban blockade raised. 

August 13. — Manila was bombarded by Dewey's 
fleet and simultaneously attacked by the Ameri- 
can land forces, under which combined assaults 
the city surrendered unconditionally. 

August 20. — Great naval demonstration in New 
York harbor. 

August 22. — All troops under General Merritt re- 
maining at San Francisco ordered to Honolulu. 

August 23. — Bids opened for the construction of 
twelve torpedo boats and sixteen destroyers. Gen- 
eral Merritt appointed governor of Manila. Gen- 
eral Otis assumed command of the Eighth Corps 
in the Philippines. 



28 



August 25. — General Shafter left Santiago. 

August 26. — President officially announced the names 
of the American Peace Commissioners. Last of 
General Shafter's command leaves Santiago for 
this country. 

August 29. — Lieutenant Hobson arrived at Santiago 
to direct the raising of the "Maria Teresa" and 
"Critobal Colon." 

August 30. — General Wheeler ordered an investiga- 
tion of Camp Wikoff. 

September 2. — Spanish Government selected the peace 
commissioners. 

September 3. — President visits Montauk. 

September 9. — Peace Commission completed by the 
appointment of Senator Gray. President ordered 
investigation of War Department. 

September 10. — Spanish Cortes approved Peace Pro- 
tocol. 

September J I. — American Porto Rico Evacuation 
Commission met in joint session at San Juan. 

September 12. — Admiral Cervera left Portsmouth, 
N. H., for Spain. 

September 13. — Spanish Senate approved Protocol. 
Evacuation of Porto Rico began. Queen Regent 
signed Protocol. 

September 17. — American Cuban Evacuation Com- 
missions met in joint session at Havana. Peace 
Commissioners sailed for Paris. 

September 20. — Spanish evacuation of outlying ports 
in Porto Rico began. First American flag raised 
in Havana. 

September 24. — Jurisdiction of Military Governor 
Wood extended to embrace entire province of San- 



29 



tiago de Cuba. First meeting of the War In- 
vestigating Committee held at the White House. 

September 25. — Lieutenant Hobson floated the "Ma- 
ria Teresa." Revenue cutter "McCulloch" cap- 
tured insurgent steamer "Abbey" near Manila. 

September 27. — American Peace Commissioners re- 
ceived by French Minister of Foreign Affairs. 

September 28. — A^merican Commissioners convened 
in Paris. 

September 29. — Spanish and American Commission- 
ers met for the first time at breakfast given at the 
Foreign Office, Paris. 

October /. — Peace Commissioners held first joint ses- 
sion. 

October 4. — 2,000 irregular Spanish troops revolted 
near Cienfuegcs and refused to lay down arms 
until paid back salaries. Battleship "Illinois" 
launched at Newport News. 

October 10. — American flag hoisted over Manzanillo, 
Cuba. 

October 12. — Battleship "Iowa" and "Oregon" left 
New York for Manila. 

October 16.- — Opening of Peace Jubilee in Chicago. 

October 18. — United States took formal possession of 
Porto Rico. 

October 24. — Spanish evacuation of Porto Rico com- 
pleted. 

October 25. — Philadelphia Jubilee began with naval 
parade in the Delaware. 

October 30. — Cruiser "Maria Teresa" left Caima- 
nera for Hampton Roads. 

October 31. — American Peace Commissioners de- 
manded cession of the entire Philippine group. 



30 



November 5. — "Maria Teresa," cruiser, reported lost 
off San Salvador. 

November 8. — "Maria Teresa" reported ashore at 
Cat Island. 

November 21. — American ultimatum presented to 
Spanish Peace Commissioners. 

November 25. — First United States troops landed 
in Havana Province. 

November 28. — Spain agreed to cede Philippines. 

November 30. — Blanco left Havana for Spain. 

December 10. — Peace treaty signed. 

December II. — Small riot in Havana. Three Cu- 
bans killed. 

December 14. — General Lee arrived in Havana. 

December 23. — Iliolo surrendered to insurgents, 
Aguinaldo's "Cabinet" resigned. 

December 24. — Peace treaty delivered to President 
McKinley. 

December 27. — American Evacuation Commissioners 
issued a proclamaticn to the inhabitants of Cuba. 

December 31. — Last day of Spanish sovereignty in 
Western Hemisphere. 

1899 

January^ 1 . — The American flag raised over the Pal- 
ace at Havana. 

February) 4-5. — Filipinos attack and try to burn Ma- 
nila. 

February 6. — Treaty with Spain ratified by the Sen- 
ate. 

February 10. — Bombardment and capture of Caloo- 
can. Capture of Iliolo by General Miller. 



31 



March 17. — Queen Regent of Spain signs the peace 

treaty. 
March 25. — A general advance against the Filipinos. 

March 26. — Colonel Harry C. Egbert killed near 
Malinta. 

March 31. — Assault and capture of Malolos, the 
Filipinos' capital. 

April 4. — Philippine Commission addresses a con- 
ciliatory proclamation to the insurgents. 

April 11. — General Lawton defeats the Filipinos at 
Santa Cruz. Final exchange of the ratifications of 
the Paris peace treaty. Proclamation of Presi- 
dent McKinley, announcing restoration of peace 
between Spain and America. 



32 



Nottrr to irpartm^nts or OJamps 

/ will be pleased to suppl}) Departments or Camps 
rpith an^ number of these booklets. Can be used to 
good advantage for publicity Tvork lor the organiza- 
tion. 

The Chronological History of the War mth 
Spain is alone worth the price of the book and can 
be used to settle arguments regarding dates of events. 

Departments or Camps wishing a supply will 
please write me for special price in quantities. 



''(3m War frratlirnts'' 

Every Camp, School Room or Home should have 
one of ''Our War Presidents" pictures on its wall. 
This patriotic picture was designed to give the proper 
credit to our Commander-in-Chief, William McKinley, 
as a War President. 

The picture is in colors, and under the picture of 
each President is a picture of a special event of each 
war. 

Sample, size 15x20 __ - - -$ 0.50 

50 - - - - 15.00 

WO 25.00 

W. D. TUCKER, National Historian, 

Room 302 McKinley Block, 

Canton, Ohio. 



LitlKHKY Uh CUNUKtbb 



012 200 882 4 




W. D. TUCKER 

NATIONAL HISTORIAN 



CHIEF OF STAFF 

DEPARTMENT OF OHIO 



